How to Build a Pergola in Your Backyard

Build a pergola by setting four corner posts in concrete footings, attaching horizontal beams and rafters, then adding decorative end cuts for a finished look that typically takes a weekend to complete.

1. Mark Your Foundation Right. Choose a level spot and mark the four corner post locations using spray paint or stakes. A standard pergola is 10x12 feet, but adjust to fit your space. Check with your utility company to mark underground lines before digging. Measure diagonally between corners to ensure your layout is square - the measurements should be identical.
2. Anchor Posts in Concrete. Dig four holes 2 feet deep and 12 inches wide using a post-hole digger or shovel. Mix and pour 4 inches of concrete into each hole, then set your 4x4 pressure-treated posts. Use a level to ensure posts are perfectly vertical and brace them with scrap lumber. Let concrete cure for 24 hours before continuing.
3. Install Your Main Frame. Mark all posts at 8 feet high and cut with a circular saw. Cut decorative notches in your 2x8 support beams if desired. Position the beams on top of the posts and secure with 3-inch deck screws or carriage bolts. Use clamps to hold beams in place while drilling and fastening.
4. Create the Shade Lattice. Cut 2x6 rafters to span the width plus 12 inches of overhang on each side. Space rafters 16 inches apart and mark their positions on both support beams. Cut bird's mouth notches where rafters sit on beams for a clean fit. Secure each rafter with 3-inch deck screws through the beam into the rafter.
5. Polish Details and Protect. Cut decorative curves or angles on the rafter ends using a jigsaw. Sand all rough edges and apply wood stain or sealant to protect against weather. Consider adding climbing plants or outdoor lighting fixtures to complete your pergola. Check all connections and tighten any loose screws.