How to Read a Seed Packet Correctly

Reading a seed packet correctly involves understanding planting depth, spacing, timing, and growing conditions to ensure successful germination and plant growth.

1. Know Your Plant First. Look at the front of the packet for the plant name, variety, and any special characteristics. Note whether it's an annual, perennial, or biennial, and if it's a hybrid or heirloom variety. This information tells you what to expect from growth habits to harvest timing.
2. Depth Determines Success. Look for planting depth instructions, usually shown as a fraction or decimal. Most packets show this with a small diagram. Plant seeds too deep and they won't germinate, too shallow and they'll dry out. The general rule is plant at a depth twice the seed's width, but always follow the packet instructions.
3. Space Prevents Disease. Check for spacing between plants and between rows. This prevents overcrowding that leads to poor air circulation, disease, and stunted growth. Some packets show final spacing after thinning, which means you'll plant closer initially then remove weaker seedlings.
4. Calculate Your Schedule. Look for phrases like 'days to germination' and 'days to maturity.' Find your last frost date and count backwards for indoor starting, or forward for direct sowing. Some packets specify soil temperature requirements, which is more reliable than calendar dates.
5. Match Your Garden Conditions. Check for sun, soil, and water requirements. Full sun means 6-8 hours of direct sunlight, partial sun/shade means 3-6 hours. Note soil pH preferences and drainage needs. Some plants need well-draining soil while others prefer consistent moisture.
6. Verify Seed Viability. Look for the packed date or sell-by date, usually printed on the back. Seeds lose viability over time, with most lasting 2-3 years if stored properly. Store unused seeds in a cool, dry place in their original packets or airtight containers.