How to Plant a Tree

Trees are the ultimate long-term investment for any landscape, providing shade, privacy, and structure for decades. When planted correctly, a tree becomes self-sufficient after a short establishment period; when planted poorly, it can struggle with stunted growth or root girdling for its entire life. Getting this right isn't about fancy fertilizers or complex soil amendments. It is about understanding the relationship between the root flare, the soil grade, and the physical space the roots need to anchor themselves. If you prioritize the health of the roots at the moment of installation, the canopy will take care of itself as the tree matures.

  1. Expose the Root Flare First. Find the point where the trunk widens at the base and meets the roots. This flare must be visible above the soil line once planting is complete, so brush away excess dirt from the top of the root ball if it is buried too deep in the container.
  2. Dig Wide and Shallow. Dig a hole that is at least twice as wide as the width of the root ball, but no deeper than the height of the ball. The edges of the hole should slope outward like a bowl rather than having vertical sides.
  3. Free the Circling Roots. Gently slide the tree from its container and inspect the root system. If you see roots circling the outside of the ball, tease them outward or make shallow vertical cuts with a knife to encourage them to grow into the surrounding soil.
  4. Use Native Soil Only. Place the tree in the center of the hole, ensuring the root flare sits slightly higher than the surrounding ground level. Fill the hole with the original native soil you removed, breaking up large clumps as you go.
  5. Water to Remove Air Gaps. Once the hole is filled to the halfway point, add water to settle the soil and remove air pockets. Fill the rest of the way with soil and water again thoroughly to firm the ground around the root ball.
  6. Mulch Like a Donut, Not a Volcano. Apply a two-inch layer of organic mulch in a wide circle around the tree, keeping it several inches away from the trunk itself. Never pile mulch against the bark, as this invites rot and pests.