How to Fix a Leaking Toilet Base

Water pooling around the base of your toilet is a clear signal that the wax ring—the structural seal between the toilet horn and the waste pipe—has degraded. While it looks like a plumbing disaster, this is a standard maintenance task. The goal is to remove the old, compromised seal, inspect the flange for damage, and seat the toilet perfectly level so the new seal holds tight. Done well, your toilet will be rock solid and bone-dry. The stakes here involve preventing water damage to your subfloor, which can quickly turn a simple afternoon repair into a major reconstruction project. Take your time, don't force the porcelain bolts, and ensure the toilet is shimmed correctly if your bathroom floor isn't perfectly level.

  1. Empty the Toilet Completely. Turn off the water supply valve behind the toilet, then flush the tank until empty. Use a sponge or shop vacuum to remove the remaining water from the bowl and the bottom of the tank so nothing spills when you lift the unit.
  2. Unhook the Water Supply. Place a small bucket under the supply connection to catch drips. Unscrew the supply line nut from the fill valve and move the hose out of the way.
  3. Lift Clear of the Flange. Pop the caps off the floor bolts and remove the nuts with a wrench. Gently rock the toilet side-to-side to break the wax seal, then lift it straight up and set it on an old towel to protect the flooring.
  4. Scrape Away Old Wax. Use a putty knife to scrape away every bit of old wax from both the toilet horn and the floor flange. Ensure the flange is not cracked or loose; if it sits below floor level, install a flange extension kit now.
  5. Seat the Fresh Wax Ring. Press the new wax ring firmly onto the flange or the horn of the toilet. If using a ring with a plastic funnel sleeve, ensure the funnel is pointing down into the pipe.
  6. Level and Bolt Down. Lower the toilet directly over the bolts, keeping it straight. Sit on the toilet to compress the wax ring, then tighten the floor nuts snugly—do not overtighten or you will crack the porcelain base.