How to Install a Recessed Medicine Cabinet

Recessed medicine cabinets are the gold standard for bathroom storage because they turn wasted wall cavity space into a functional, streamlined feature. By hiding the bulk of the unit inside the wall, you eliminate the awkward protrusion of surface-mount cabinets while keeping your essential toiletries within arm's reach. Success in this project hinges entirely on what lies behind your drywall. You aren't just installing a box; you are navigating the structural skeleton of your home. When done well, the cabinet sits perfectly flush with the wall surface, the door swings without binding, and the surrounding drywall remains clean and intact. It is a transformative upgrade that requires a steady hand and a respect for the space between the studs.

  1. Scan Before You Cut. Use a stud finder to mark the edges of the studs where you want the cabinet. Use a non-contact voltage tester to ensure there are no electrical wires running through the wall cavity.
  2. Cut the Rough Opening. Hold the cabinet box against the wall between the studs and trace its outline with a pencil. Use a drywall saw to cut along your marks, keeping the blade shallow to avoid hitting plumbing lines.
  3. Check the Wall Cavity. Once the drywall is removed, inspect the space for fire blocking, plumbing vents, or electrical runs. If you find a stud that needs to be cut, you must build a header and footer frame to maintain structural integrity.
  4. Build the Frame Box. Install horizontal 2x4 lumber at the top and bottom of your cut opening to create a sturdy box. Screw these into the existing studs to provide a solid mounting surface for the cabinet flange.
  5. Secure the Cabinet Body. Slide the cabinet body into the hole until the flange sits flush against the drywall. Use shims behind the cabinet sides to ensure it is plumb, then screw the frame into the wooden studs.
  6. Seal and Complete Install. Apply thin-set or spackle around the edges if there are gaps between the flange and the wall. Once dry, touch up with paint and install the cabinet door and shelves.